Heat Transfer Physics Example 3

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Example 3

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A thermos flask uses a vacuum between its double walls. Explain why this reduces heat transfer, and which mode(s) of heat transfer it primarily blocks.

Solution

  1. 1
    A vacuum contains no matter, so conduction (which requires molecular contact) is eliminated.
  2. 2
    Convection (which requires fluid circulation) is also eliminated since there is no fluid in a vacuum.
  3. 3
    Radiation can still pass through the vacuum, so thermos flasks use reflective silver coatings to minimize radiative heat transfer.

Answer

AĀ vacuumĀ blocksĀ conductionĀ andĀ convection;Ā reflectiveĀ coatingĀ reducesĀ radiation.\text{A vacuum blocks conduction and convection; reflective coating reduces radiation.}
The thermos flask demonstrates all three heat transfer mechanisms. The vacuum eliminates conduction and convection, while the silvered surface reflects infrared radiation, minimizing all heat transfer.

About Heat Transfer

The spontaneous flow of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one until they reach thermal equilibrium (the same temperature).

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