Vectors Examples in Physics

Start with the recap, study the fully worked examples, then use the practice problems to check your understanding of Vectors.

This page combines explanation, solved examples, and follow-up practice so you can move from recognition to confident problem-solving in Physics.

Concept Recap

Mathematical quantities that have both a magnitude (size) and a direction, represented as arrows in diagrams.

An arrow pointing somewhere with a certain length—the length is 'how much,' the direction is 'which way.'

Read the full concept explanation →

How to Use These Examples

  • Read the first worked example with the solution open so the structure is clear.
  • Try the practice problems before revealing each solution.
  • Use the related concepts and background knowledge badges if you feel stuck.

What to Focus On

Core idea: Vectors capture directional quantities; scalars (like mass) don't have direction.

Common stuck point: Adding vectors isn't like adding numbers—you must account for direction.

Worked Examples

Example 1

easy
Find the magnitude and direction of the vector with components v_x = 3 and v_y = 4.

Solution

  1. 1
    Use the Pythagorean theorem for the magnitude of the vector.
  2. 2
    Magnitude: |\vec{v}| = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5
  3. 3
    Direction: \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{v_y}{v_x}\right) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{3}\right) \approx 53.1°

Answer

|\vec{v}| = 5, \quad \theta \approx 53.1°
Any vector can be described by its magnitude and direction or by its components. The Pythagorean theorem gives the magnitude, and the inverse tangent gives the angle.

Example 2

medium
Add the vectors: \vec{A} = 5 \text{ m} at 0° (east) and \vec{B} = 8 \text{ m} at 90° (north). Find the resultant.

Practice Problems

Try these problems on your own first, then open the solution to compare your method.

Example 1

medium
A force of 50 \text{ N} acts at 60° above the horizontal. Find the horizontal and vertical components.

Example 2

medium
Two forces act on an object: \vec{F}_1 = 8 \text{ N} east and \vec{F}_2 = 6 \text{ N} north. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.