Physics / core

Gravity

Also known as: gravitational force, g

definition

The universal attractive force between any two objects with mass, decreasing with the square of distance. Governs planetary motion, ocean tides, and keeps us on Earth's surface.

💡 Intuition

Everything pulls on everything else—but only huge things (like Earth) pull noticeably.

Core Idea

Gravity acts between all masses everywhere — it never turns off, only weakens with distance.

Formal View

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force F = \frac{Gm_1 m_2}{r^2}, directed along the line joining their centres.

🔬 Example

Earth pulls you down; you also pull Earth up (but it doesn't move noticeably).

🎯 Why It Matters

Governs planetary motion, ocean tides, and keeps us on Earth's surface.

⚠️ Common Confusion

Gravity never 'turns off' in space—astronauts float because they're falling around Earth.

💭 Hint When Stuck

When you see a gravity problem, identify the two masses and the distance between their centres. First, substitute m_1, m_2, and r into F = Gm_1 m_2 / r^2. Then compute the numerator and denominator separately before dividing. Finally, check your answer's units are in newtons.

Related Concepts

Prerequisites

Next Steps

How Gravity Connects to Other Ideas

To understand gravity, you should first be comfortable with force and mass. Once you have a solid grasp of gravity, you can move on to weight.

Compare With Similar Concepts

Common Mistakes Guides

Go Deeper

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Gravity in Physics?

The universal attractive force between any two objects with mass, decreasing with the square of distance.

Why is Gravity important?

Governs planetary motion, ocean tides, and keeps us on Earth's surface.

What do students usually get wrong about Gravity?

Gravity never 'turns off' in space—astronauts float because they're falling around Earth.

What should I learn before Gravity?

Before studying Gravity, you should understand: force, mass.

🧪 Interactive Playground

Drag to explore. Click to commit changes.