Isotope Chemistry Example 2

Follow the full solution, then compare it with the other examples linked below.

Example 2

medium
Boron has two stable isotopes: 10B{}^{10}\text{B} (19.9%) and 11B{}^{11}\text{B} (80.1%). Calculate the average atomic mass of boron.

Solution

  1. 1
    Atomic mass is the weighted average of isotope masses. Use: mห‰=โˆ‘(miร—fi)\bar{m} = \sum(m_i \times f_i), where mim_i is isotope mass and fif_i is fractional abundance.
  2. 2
    Compute each term: 10ร—0.199=1.99โ€‰amu10 \times 0.199 = 1.99\,\text{amu} (from 10B{}^{10}\text{B}) and 11ร—0.801=8.811โ€‰amu11 \times 0.801 = 8.811\,\text{amu} (from 11B{}^{11}\text{B}).
  3. 3
    Sum the contributions: mห‰=1.99+8.811=10.80โ€‰amu\bar{m} = 1.99 + 8.811 = 10.80\,\text{amu}

Answer

mห‰=10.80โ€‰amu\bar{m} = 10.80\,\text{amu}
The average atomic mass reflects the proportion of each isotope found in nature. Since 11B{}^{11}\text{B} is far more abundant, the average is closer to 11 than to 10.

About Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them different mass numbers.

Learn more about Isotope โ†’

More Isotope Examples