Circular Motion Physics Example 2

Follow the full solution, then compare it with the other examples linked below.

Example 2

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A satellite orbits Earth at a radius of 6.8ร—106ย m6.8 \times 10^6 \text{ m} with a period of 5400ย s5400 \text{ s}. What is its orbital speed and centripetal acceleration?

Solution

  1. 1
    Circumference of orbit: C=2ฯ€r=2ฯ€ร—6.8ร—106=4.27ร—107ย mC = 2\pi r = 2\pi \times 6.8 \times 10^6 = 4.27 \times 10^7 \text{ m}.
  2. 2
    Orbital speed: v=CT=4.27ร—1075400โ‰ˆ7913ย m/sv = \frac{C}{T} = \frac{4.27 \times 10^7}{5400} \approx 7913 \text{ m/s}
  3. 3
    Centripetal acceleration: ac=v2r=791326.8ร—106=6.26ร—1076.8ร—106โ‰ˆ9.2ย m/s2a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} = \frac{7913^2}{6.8 \times 10^6} = \frac{6.26 \times 10^7}{6.8 \times 10^6} \approx 9.2 \text{ m/s}^2

Answer

vโ‰ˆ7913ย m/s,acโ‰ˆ9.2ย m/s2v \approx 7913 \text{ m/s}, \quad a_c \approx 9.2 \text{ m/s}^2
A satellite in orbit undergoes uniform circular motion with gravity providing the centripetal force. The centripetal acceleration at low orbit is close to gg at the surface.

About Circular Motion

Motion of an object along a circular path where the speed may be constant but the velocity is continuously changing direction, requiring a centripetal acceleration.

Learn more about Circular Motion โ†’

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