Programming Fundamentals Concepts
22 concepts · Grades 6-8, 9-12 · 25 prerequisite connections
This family view narrows the full concept map to one connected cluster. Read it from left to right: earlier nodes support later ones, and dense middle sections usually mark the concepts that hold the largest share of future work together.
Use the graph to plan review, then use the full concept list below to open precise pages for definitions, examples, and related content. That combination keeps the page useful for both human study flow and crawlable internal linking.
Concept Dependency Graph
Concepts flow left to right, from foundational to advanced. Hover to highlight connections. Click any concept to learn more.
Connected Families
Programming Fundamentals concepts have 12 connections to other families.
All Programming Fundamentals Concepts
Sequence
Executing a series of instructions one after another in a fixed, specific order.
Selection
Choosing which block of code to execute based on whether a condition is true or false.
Iteration
Repeating a block of instructions multiple times until a stopping condition is satisfied.
Variable
A named container in a program that stores a value, which can be read, updated, or replaced.
Data Types
Categories that classify data values and determine which operations can validly be performed on them.
Boolean Logic
A system of logic that works with only two possible values: true and false, combined with AND, OR, NOT.
Function (Programming)
A named, reusable block of code that performs a specific task, taking input and optionally returning output.
Parameters
Named values passed into a function when calling it, allowing the same function to operate on different data.
Input/Output
The mechanisms by which a program receives data from the outside world (input) and sends results back (output).
Event
A detectable action or occurrence in a program, such as a user click, key press, or timer expiry.
Assignment
The operation of storing a value in a variable. The variable name goes on the left, the value on the right.
Integer
A data type that represents whole numbers (positive, negative, or zero) without decimal points.
String
A data type that represents a sequence of characters (text), enclosed in quotation marks.
Boolean
A data type representing a logical value that can only be true or false—nothing else.
Return Values
The value that a function sends back to the code that called it, specified by the return statement.
Scope
The region of a program where a variable is accessible. Variables defined inside a function have local scope; variables defined outside have global scope.
Nested Conditionals
Conditional statements placed inside other conditional statements, creating multiple levels of decision-making.
While Loop
A control structure that repeats a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true.
For Loop
A control structure that repeats a block of code a specific number of times or for each item in a collection.
Event Handler
A function that is automatically called when a specific event occurs, such as a button click, key press, or timer tick.
File Operations
The operations of reading data from files and writing data to files on a storage device, allowing programs to persist information beyond a single run.
Function
A named, reusable block of code that performs a specific task and can optionally accept inputs and return a result.