Practice Hardware & Software in CS Thinking

Use these practice problems to test your method after reviewing the concept explanation and worked examples.

Quick Recap

Hardware is the physical components of a computer (processor, memory, storage, peripherals) that you can touch. Software is the set of instructions (programs) that tell hardware what to do. Together they form a complete computing system—hardware provides the capability, and software provides the purpose.

Hardware is the body, software is the mind. One is physical stuff you can touch; the other is instructions that make it useful.

Showing a random 20 of 50 problems.

Example 1

medium
Name the role each fills: hardware provides ____ and software provides ____. (one word each)

Example 2

medium
Which boots first when you power on a computer: firmware, OS, or user app?

Example 3

medium
Classify each: GPU, video-editing program, SSD. Which one is software?

Example 4

easy
A song file (.mp3) is hardware, software, or data?

Example 5

easy
Hardware provides ____ and software provides ____. (one word each)

Example 6

medium
Explain the relationship between hardware and software using the example of playing a video on a computer. What role does each play?

Example 7

challenge
Explain in one sentence why investing only in faster hardware without updating software can give disappointing speedups.

Example 8

easy
True or false: software cannot do anything without hardware to run on.

Example 9

medium
Which of these is software: a network cable, a router's firmware, or a USB port?

Example 10

hard
A smart thermostat has temperature sensors, an ARM chip running embedded code, and a screen. Label its hardware, software, and data in one phrase each.

Example 11

hard
A 'virtual machine' is software that pretends to be hardware. Does it still require real hardware to run?

Example 12

medium
Classify each: GPU, antivirus program, RAM, OS kernel. How many are software?

Example 13

hard
A scientist replaces a normal CPU with a GPU and sees a 50x speedup on matrix code. Is this a hardware win, a software win, or both?

Example 14

hard
A school says 'we have new software but old computers'. Explain in one sentence why this can still bottleneck performance.

Example 15

challenge
Explain why hardware and software are interdependent using a one-sentence consequence of removing each.

Example 16

easy
Classify a spreadsheet app: hardware or software?

Example 17

medium
Sort these into hardware (H) or software (S): monitor, spreadsheet app, hard drive, antivirus program. List the software ones.

Example 18

medium
Which layer runs first when a computer boots: firmware, operating system, or a user app?

Example 19

medium
A laptop overheats and shuts off. Can a software update reliably fix this if the cooling fan is broken?

Example 20

easy
A photo file stored on disk is which: hardware, software, or data?