Acids & Bases Concepts
6 concepts · Grades 9-12 · 7 prerequisite connections
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Connected Families
Acids & Bases concepts have 8 connections to other families.
All Acids & Bases Concepts
Acid
A substance that donates $\text{H}^+$ ions (protons) when dissolved in water, increasing the hydrogen ion concentration and lowering the pH below 7.
Base
A substance that accepts $\text{H}^+$ ions (protons) or donates $\text{OH}^-$ ions when dissolved in solution, raising the pH above 7.
pH
A logarithmic scale (typically 0 to 14) that quantifies the hydrogen ion concentration $[\text{H}^+]$ in an aqueous solution: at 25°C, values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic.
Neutralization
A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base combine to produce water and an ionic compound called a salt, effectively canceling out the acidic and basic properties of the reactants (e.g., $\text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \to \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$).
Buffer
A buffer is a solution that resists large changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Salt
In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound made of cations and anions, often formed when an acid reacts with a base in a neutralization.