Solution Chemistry Example 2

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Example 2

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Describe the differences among unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions. How can you experimentally distinguish between them?

Solution

  1. 1
    Unsaturated: contains less solute than the maximum it can dissolve at that temperature. Adding more solute will dissolve completely.
  2. 2
    Saturated: contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at that temperature. Adding more solute results in undissolved solid remaining.
  3. 3
    Supersaturated: contains more solute than normally possible at that temperature (achieved by cooling a hot saturated solution carefully). Adding a seed crystal or disturbing the solution causes rapid crystallization.

Answer

Unsaturated: more can dissolve. Saturated: at maximum. Supersaturated: beyond maximum.\text{Unsaturated: more can dissolve. Saturated: at maximum. Supersaturated: beyond maximum.}
The concentration of a saturated solution is called the solubility of the solute at that temperature. Supersaturated solutions are metastable — they exist in an unstable state and crystallize rapidly when disturbed.

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A homogeneous mixture formed when one or more solutes are completely dissolved in a solvent at the molecular level, resulting in a uniform composition throughout.

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