Electric Motor Physics Example 3

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Example 3

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An electric drill motor operates at 240 V240 \text{ V} and draws 2.5 A2.5 \text{ A}. It produces a torque of 1.2 N m1.2 \text{ N m} at 2400 rpm2400 \text{ rpm}. What is the efficiency?

Solution

  1. 1
    Input power: Pin=VI=240×2.5=600 WP_{\text{in}} = VI = 240 \times 2.5 = 600 \text{ W}.
  2. 2
    Angular speed: ω=2π×240060=251.3 rad/s\omega = \frac{2\pi \times 2400}{60} = 251.3 \text{ rad/s}. Mechanical output: Pout=τω=1.2×251.3=301.6 WP_{\text{out}} = \tau\omega = 1.2 \times 251.3 = 301.6 \text{ W}.
  3. 3
    Efficiency: η=PoutPin×100%=301.6600×100%50.3%\eta = \frac{P_{\text{out}}}{P_{\text{in}}} \times 100\% = \frac{301.6}{600} \times 100\% \approx 50.3\%

Answer

η50.3%\eta \approx 50.3\%
The efficiency of a motor depends on how much electrical energy is successfully converted to mechanical work. Losses include resistive heating, friction, and air resistance.

About Electric Motor

A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotational motion) by exploiting the force exerted on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field.

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