Sensitivity Math Example 2

Follow the full solution, then compare it with the other examples linked below.

Example 2

hard
A function F(x)=exF(x)=e^x is highly sensitive near large xx. Compare the sensitivity at x=0x=0 and x=5x=5 using a perturbation of ฮ”x=0.01\Delta x=0.01.

Solution

  1. 1
    At x=0x=0: F(0)=1F(0)=1, F(0.01)=e0.01โ‰ˆ1.01005F(0.01)=e^{0.01}\approx1.01005. ฮ”F/ฮ”xโ‰ˆ0.01005/0.01=1.005โ‰ˆFโ€ฒ(0)=e0=1\Delta F/\Delta x\approx0.01005/0.01=1.005\approx F'(0)=e^0=1.
  2. 2
    At x=5x=5: F(5)=e5โ‰ˆ148.41F(5)=e^5\approx148.41, F(5.01)=e5.01โ‰ˆ149.90F(5.01)=e^{5.01}\approx149.90. ฮ”F/ฮ”xโ‰ˆ1.49/0.01=149โ‰ˆFโ€ฒ(5)=e5โ‰ˆ148.4\Delta F/\Delta x\approx1.49/0.01=149\approx F'(5)=e^5\approx148.4.
  3. 3
    Sensitivity at x=5x=5 is about 148ร—148\times greater than at x=0x=0. This explains why small errors in xx compound dramatically for large exponentials.

Answer

Sensitivity at x=0x=0: โ‰ˆ1\approx1; at x=5x=5: โ‰ˆ148\approx148. Factor of 148148 increase.
For exe^x, sensitivity equals the function value itself (since Fโ€ฒ(x)=ex=F(x)F'(x)=e^x=F(x)). This means sensitivity grows exponentially โ€” large values of xx lead to extreme sensitivity, which has major implications in numerical computing.

About Sensitivity

In the context of functions, sensitivity measures how much the output changes in response to a small change in the input โ€” high sensitivity means small input changes cause large output changes.

Learn more about Sensitivity โ†’

More Sensitivity Examples