Planes in 3D Math Example 2

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Example 2

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Find the equation of the plane through the points A(1,0,0)A(1, 0, 0), B(0,2,0)B(0, 2, 0), and C(0,0,3)C(0, 0, 3).

Solution

  1. 1
    Find two vectors in the plane: ABโƒ—=โŸจโˆ’1,2,0โŸฉ\vec{AB} = \langle -1, 2, 0 \rangle and ACโƒ—=โŸจโˆ’1,0,3โŸฉ\vec{AC} = \langle -1, 0, 3 \rangle.
  2. 2
    The normal vector is ABโƒ—ร—ACโƒ—=โŸจ(2)(3)โˆ’(0)(0),(0)(โˆ’1)โˆ’(โˆ’1)(3),(โˆ’1)(0)โˆ’(2)(โˆ’1)โŸฉ=โŸจ6,3,2โŸฉ\vec{AB} \times \vec{AC} = \langle (2)(3)-(0)(0), (0)(-1)-(โˆ’1)(3), (-1)(0)-(2)(-1) \rangle = \langle 6, 3, 2 \rangle.
  3. 3
    Using point A(1,0,0)A(1,0,0): 6(xโˆ’1)+3(yโˆ’0)+2(zโˆ’0)=06(x-1) + 3(y-0) + 2(z-0) = 0, so 6x+3y+2z=66x + 3y + 2z = 6.
  4. 4
    Verify: BB: 6(0)+3(2)+2(0)=66(0) + 3(2) + 2(0) = 6 โœ“. CC: 6(0)+3(0)+2(3)=66(0) + 3(0) + 2(3) = 6 โœ“.

Answer

6x+3y+2z=66x + 3y + 2z = 6
Three non-collinear points determine a unique plane. The cross product of two vectors formed by these points gives the normal vector. This method works because the cross product is perpendicular to both vectors, and hence perpendicular to the plane containing them.

About Planes in 3D

A flat, infinite surface in 3D space described by ax+by+cz=dax + by + cz = d, where โŸจa,b,cโŸฉ\langle a, b, c \rangle is the normal vector.

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