Chemical Bond Examples in Chemistry

Start with the recap, study the fully worked examples, then use the practice problems to check your understanding of Chemical Bond.

This page combines explanation, solved examples, and follow-up practice so you can move from recognition to confident problem-solving in Chemistry.

Concept Recap

A lasting force of attraction between atoms that holds them together in molecules, compounds, or crystal lattices, formed when atoms share electrons (covalent bond), transfer electrons (ionic bond), or pool electrons in a metallic sea (metallic bond).

The 'glue' that holds atoms together, made by sharing or transferring electrons.

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How to Use These Examples

  • Read the first worked example with the solution open so the structure is clear.
  • Try the practice problems before revealing each solution.
  • Use the related concepts and background knowledge badges if you feel stuck.

What to Focus On

Core idea: Bonds form because atoms are more stable with certain electron arrangements.

Common stuck point: Breaking bonds requires energy; forming bonds releases energy.

Sense of Study hint: When identifying bond types, look at the atoms involved. First check if it is between a metal and nonmetal (likely ionic). Then check if it is between two nonmetals (likely covalent). Finally, determine if the electronegativity difference is large (>1.7 = ionic), medium (0.4-1.7 = polar covalent), or small (<0.4 = nonpolar covalent).

Worked Examples

Example 1

easy
What are the three main types of chemical bonds? Give an example of each.

Solution

  1. 1
    Ionic bond: transfer of electrons between a metal and nonmetal (e.g., NaCl).
  2. 2
    Covalent bond: sharing of electrons between nonmetals (e.g., \text{H}_2\text{O}).
  3. 3
    Metallic bond: delocalized electron sea among metal atoms (e.g., Cu metal).

Answer

\text{Ionic (NaCl), Covalent (H}_2\text{O), Metallic (Cu)}
Chemical bonds form because the resulting arrangement is more stable (lower energy) than separate atoms. The type of bond depends on the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved.

Example 2

medium
Predict the type of bond formed between: (a) Na and Cl, (b) H and O, (c) C and C. Use electronegativity values: Na = 0.9, Cl = 3.0, H = 2.1, O = 3.5, C = 2.5.

Practice Problems

Try these problems on your own first, then open the solution to compare your method.

Example 1

easy
Will potassium (K) and bromine (Br) form an ionic or covalent bond? Explain.

Example 2

medium
Why do atoms form chemical bonds instead of always staying separate?
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Background Knowledge

These ideas may be useful before you work through the harder examples.

electronvalence electron